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Question by : How many people were actually killed during the Inquisition?There are varying accounts of how many people were actually killed during the Crusades. Are there any sources that accurately document the numbers and religous affiliation of the victims?
Best answer:Answer by Jeanette
The Inquisition that most people mean is the Spanish Inquisition which was an agency of the Spanish government dedicated to rooting out people who had secretly held to their Muslim and Jewish faiths after the Reconquest of 1492 that destroyed the Muslim state of Cordoba. The Spanish conquerors required all Muslims and Jews to leave the kingdom, but many people converted to christianity in order to be allowed to stay. The King of Aragon, Ferdinand II, asked the Pope for the right to prosecute "relapsed heretics", that is, people who had only pretended to convert. After the beginning of the Reformation in 1519, the Spanish inquisition also went after Protestants. In the Spanish colonies in the Americas, the Inquisition did not have jurisdiction over most Indians but did prosecute African people and people of mixed race who practiced African or Indian religions. The Spanish Inquisition was eliminated in 1834. The Inquisition conducted approximately 3,000 to 5,000 executions in Spain between 1492 and 1834. Figures for the Americas are unavailable and there is in any case a lot of confusion about deaths caused by religious persecution of Indians that were not "official" acts of the Inquisition.
The Catholic Church conducted inquisitions in other areas of the western world from the middle ages onward. Some of these were conducted in collaboration with governmental attacks on people with divergent religious views, like the Albigensian crusade in southern France in the middle ages, the war against the Hussites in what is now the Czech republic in the 15th century, and the various wars of religion of the 16th and 17th century. For the most part, the Catholic Church's inquisitions didn't actually execute anybody. Instead, they would find the accused guilty or not guilty of heresy, then turn them over to the government for punishment. Trials of people for unorthodox religious views were a standard practice of religious life in Europe up until the nineteenth century, though the death penalty was thankfully rather rare. More common would be some form of public humiliation in which the accused person would have to recant their unorthodox views and swear allegiance to the Church.
You also mentioned the Crusades. Though conducted with the blessing of the Catholic Church, the Crusades were carried out by governmental authorities -- Dukes, Kings, and so on. We can't really refer to them as an inquisition. The First Crusade famously slaughtered almost all the inhabitants of Jersusalem, most of whom were Christians (Eastern Orthodox, not Catholic). The Crusades were essentially a barbarian invasion of the civilized middle east and like many barbarian invasions they were quite brutal but succeeded in the end in civilizing the barbarians. Europeans went home from the Crusades with all sorts of ideas, both technological and philosophical, from the Arabs that led Europe out of the barbaric dark ages and into a more advanced state of civilization.
There's a good Wikipedia entry on the Spanish Inquisition.
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